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README.mdadm
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179
README.mdadm
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# ---
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# - Speedup rebuilding and re-syncing linux software raid
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# ---
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## - http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-raid-increase-resync-rebuild-speed.html
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## -
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echo 200000 > /proc/sys/dev/raid/speed_limit_max
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echo 200000 > /proc/sys/dev/raid/speed_limit_min
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## - swap device /dev/md0 (auto.read-only)
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## -
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swapoff -a
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mkswap /dev/md0
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swapon -a
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# ---
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# - (Re)activate inactiv array /dev/md0
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# ---
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mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --run
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# ---
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# - Completely removing a mdadm raid array
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# ---
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## - # cat /proc/mdstat
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## - Personalities : [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid10]
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## - md1 : active raid1 sda3[0] sdb3[1]
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## - 80533504 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
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## - ...
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## -
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# - See details
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# -
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mdadm --detail /dev/md1
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# - Unmount raid array if mounted
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# -
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umount /dev/md1
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# - Completly remove /dev/md2
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# -
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mdadm --stop /dev/md1
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mdadm --remove /dev/md1
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# - zero the superblock FOR EACH drive
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# -
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mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sda3
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mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sda6
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# - Make the changes known to initramfs
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# -
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update-initramfs -u -k all
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# ---
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# - Create an array with ONLY 1 DEVICE
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# ---
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## - This can be useful, if having a harddisk previosly configured/used
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## - in a raid 1 array.
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## -
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## - Create raid 1 array with onlx device /dev/sda1
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## -
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mdadm --create /dev/md0 -l 1 -n 2 /dev/sda1 missing
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## - Complte the raid array:
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## -
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## - Adding device /dev/sb1 into array /dev/md0
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## -
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mdadm -a /dev/md0 /dev/sdb1
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# ---
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# - Create an new raid1 array on /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1
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# ---
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mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=1 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sd[bc]1
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# - write out confile - so the mdadm daemon can read it at startup and
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# - mount the devices
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# -
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cd /tmp
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echo 'DEVICE /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1' > mdadm.conf
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mdadm --examine --scan --config=mdadm.conf >> mdadm.conf
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echo 'MAILADDR ckubu@so36.net' >> mdadm.conf
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cp mdadm.conf /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf
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rm /tmp/mdadm.conf
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# - Make the changes known to initramfs
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# -
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update-initramfs -u -k all
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## - !! IMPORTANT !!
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## - make sure do format the md device NOT the devices included
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## - in the array
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## -
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## - Notice - Lazy Initialization:
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## -
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## - For creation of an ext4-filesystem, cleaning up (initializing) inode tables
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## - and also initializing journal file are needed. Eanabling lazy
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## - initialization speeds up the creation, and do that after mounting first
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## - time. This is enabled by default.
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## -
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## - to disable lazy initialation use:
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## -
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## - mkfs.ext4 -E lazy_itable_init=0,lazy_journal_init=0 /dev/md0
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## -
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## - Die "-m" Option reserviert soviel Prozent (hier: 0 Prozent) des Speichers
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## - für den Superuser. Vergisst man die Option anzugeben, werden standardmäßig 5%
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## - des Speicherplatzers für den Superuser reserviert.
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## -
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mkfs.ext4 -m0 -E lazy_itable_init=0,lazy_journal_init=0 /dev/md0
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mkfs.ext4 -E lazy_itable_init=0,lazy_journal_init=0 /dev/md0
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mkfs.ext4 /dev/md0
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# ---
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# - Verschiedene 'mdadm' Operationen..
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# ---
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## - stop md device /dev/md0
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## -
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mdadm --stop /dev/md0
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## - start md device /dev/md0
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## -
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## - -A = --assemble
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## - -s = --scan
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## -
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mdadm -As /dev/md0
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## - als defekt markieren. Damit stoppt die Verwendung:
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## -
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mdadm -f <md-device> <partition-device>
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## - remove device fom raid-array
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## -
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mdadm -r <md-device> <partition-device>
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## - (re)add device to raid-array
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## -
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mdadm -a <md-device> <partition-device>
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## - Raid Array ist im auto-read-only status
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## -
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## - Ändern durch:
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## -
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mdadm --readwrite /dev/md<n>
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## - send a testmessage
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## -
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mdadm --monitor --test -1 --scan
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## - or just for one md-array
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## -
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mdadm --monitor --test -1 </dev/md?>
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## - Print detail
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## -
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mdadm -D </dev/md?>
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# ---
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# - MBR-Partitionstabelle sichern und wiederherstellen
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# ---
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## - Save partitiontable
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## -
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sfdisk -d /dev/sdb > partitions.sdb.txt
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## - Rrestore partitiontable
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## -
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cat partitions.sdb.txt | sfdisk /dev/sdb
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55
README.raid-1-for-efi-partion
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README.raid-1-for-efi-partion
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# --------------------
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# RAID 1 of /boot/efi partition on Debian
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# --------------------
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# see: https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/644108/raid-1-of-boot-efi-partition-on-debian
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The steps are mainly:
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1.) Install Debian without setting up the RAID for the ESP partition.
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During the partitioning, I've already created two identical partitions
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marked as ESP partitions. They were on /dev/sda1 and /dev/sdb1
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2.) umount /boot/efi
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3.) Copie the contents of /boot/efi somewhere else (/boot/eficopy).
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4.) Create an array for use as EFI partion.
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NOTE:
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use metadata version 1.0
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Version 1.0 still has the requirement (for this usecase) of placing the
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superblock at the end of the device, but also includes "the modern features of mdadm",
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by using common layout format as 1.1 & 1.2.
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# mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md3 --level=1 --raid-devices=2 --metadata=1.0 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1
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5.) mkfs.vfat /dev/md3
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6.) found the UUID of the partition in /dev/disk/by-uuid:
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# ls -al /dev/disk/by-uuid/
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7.) Changed the /boot/efi entry in /etc/fstab with the new UUID
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for example:
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UUID=C354-2922 /boot/efi vfat umask=0077 0 1
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8.) mount /boot/efi
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9.) Copy the data from the backup into /boot/efi again
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10.) Update initramfs:
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# update-initramfs -u -k all
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14
README.rename-array
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14
README.rename-array
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# ---
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# - Rename /dev/md126 to /devmd2
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# ---
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mdadm --stop /dev/md126
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mdadm --assemble --update=name --name=<HOSTNAME>:2 /dev/md2 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/sde1 /dev/sdf1
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# - Take care /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf is up-to-date
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# -
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mdadm --examine --scan --config=mdadm.conf
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# - Make the changes known to initramfs
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# -
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update-initramfs -u -k all
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README.replace-device-in-array
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README.replace-device-in-array
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# ---
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# - Festplattenaustausch im Software-RAID
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# ---
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1.) alle an raid-arrays beteiligten partitionen der defekten platte aus
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den entsprechenden arrays entfernen
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## - falls nicht schon vom system suspendiert und als fehlerhaft
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## - gekennzeichnet muss das nun passieren.
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##
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mdadm -f <md-device> <partition-device>
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## - remove device fom raid-array
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## -
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mdadm -r <md-device> <partition-device>
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2.) Platte tauschen
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## - festplatttenmodell und seriennummer auslesen
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##
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hdparm -I /dev/sdb | grep Number
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3.) Festplatte partitionieren
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## - Beide Festplatten im Array müssen die exakt gleiche Partitionierung
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## - haben. Die Partitionstabelle einer Festplatte lässt sich mittels dd
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## - einfach auf eine andere kopieren.
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## -
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## - Hierbei wird auch gleich der Bootloader mitkopiert.
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## -
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MBR-Partitionstabelle
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=====================
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## - !! Defekte Platte: /dev/sdb !!
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## -
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dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/sdb count=1 bs=512 # falls die Platte /dev/sdb
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^^ # ausgetauscht wurde
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defekte Platte
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## - oder alternativ
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## -
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sfdisk -d /dev/sda | sfdisk /dev/sdb
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^^
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defekte Platte
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## - Partitionstabelle vom Kernel neu eingelesen
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## -
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sfdisk -R /dev/sdb
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GUID-Partitionstabelle (GPT)
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============================
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## - !! Defekte Platte: /dev/sdb !!
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## -
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sgdisk -R /dev/sdb /dev/sda
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^^
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defekte Platte
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## - Anschließend neue zufällig UUID vergeben
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## -
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sgdisk -G /dev/sdb
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4.) Partionen dem Raid-Array wieder zufügen
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mdadm -a <md-device> <partition-device>
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## -
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## - Ende: Festplattenaustausch im Software-RAID
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## - Request identification info directly from the drive
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## -
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hdparm -I /dev/<device>
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