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Network Working Group A. Melnikov
Request for Comments: 4731 Isode Ltd
Category: Standards Track D. Cridland
Inventure Systems Ltd
November 2006
IMAP4 Extension to SEARCH Command for Controlling
What Kind of Information Is Returned
Status of This Memo
This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2006).
Abstract
This document extends IMAP (RFC 3501) SEARCH and UID SEARCH commands
with several result options, which can control what kind of
information is returned. The following result options are defined:
minimal value, maximal value, all found messages, and number of found
messages.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction ....................................................2
2. Conventions Used in This Document ...............................2
3. IMAP Protocol Changes ...........................................2
3.1. New SEARCH/UID SEARCH Result Options .......................2
3.2. Interaction with CONDSTORE extension .......................4
4. Formal Syntax ...................................................5
5. Security Considerations .........................................6
6. IANA Considerations .............................................6
7. Normative References ............................................6
8. Acknowledgments .................................................6
Melnikov & Cridland Standards Track [Page 1]
RFC 4731 IMAP4 Extension to SEARCH November 2006
1. Introduction
[IMAPABNF] extended SEARCH and UID SEARCH commands with result
specifiers (also known as result options), which can control what
kind of information is returned.
A server advertising the ESEARCH capability supports the following
result options: minimal value, maximal value, all found messages,
and number of found messages. These result options allow clients to
get SEARCH results in more convenient forms, while also saving
bandwidth required to transport the results, for example, by finding
the first unseen message or returning the number of unseen or deleted
messages. Also, when a single MIN or a single MAX result option is
specified, servers can optimize execution of SEARCHes.
2. Conventions Used in This Document
In examples, "C:" and "S:" indicate lines sent by the client and
server, respectively.
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [KEYWORDS].
3. IMAP Protocol Changes
3.1. New SEARCH/UID SEARCH Result Options
The SEARCH/UID SEARCH commands are extended to allow for the
following result options:
MIN
Return the lowest message number/UID that satisfies the SEARCH
criteria.
If the SEARCH results in no matches, the server MUST NOT
include the MIN result option in the ESEARCH response; however,
it still MUST send the ESEARCH response.
MAX
Return the highest message number/UID that satisfies the SEARCH
criteria.
If the SEARCH results in no matches, the server MUST NOT
include the MAX result option in the ESEARCH response; however,
it still MUST send the ESEARCH response.
Melnikov & Cridland Standards Track [Page 2]
RFC 4731 IMAP4 Extension to SEARCH November 2006
ALL
Return all message numbers/UIDs that satisfy the SEARCH
criteria. Unlike regular (unextended) SEARCH, the messages are
always returned using the sequence-set syntax. A sequence-set
representation may be more compact and can be used as is in a
subsequent command that accepts sequence-set. Note, the client
MUST NOT assume that messages/UIDs will be listed in any
particular order.
If the SEARCH results in no matches, the server MUST NOT
include the ALL result option in the ESEARCH response; however,
it still MUST send the ESEARCH response.
COUNT
Return number of the messages that satisfy the SEARCH criteria.
This result option MUST always be included in the ESEARCH
response.
If one or more result options described above are specified, the
extended SEARCH command MUST return a single ESEARCH response
[IMAPABNF], instead of the SEARCH response.
An extended UID SEARCH command MUST cause an ESEARCH response with
the UID indicator present.
Note that future extensions to this document can allow servers to
return multiple ESEARCH responses for a single extended SEARCH
command. These extensions will have to describe how results from
multiple ESEARCH responses are to be amalgamated.
If the list of result options is empty, that requests the server to
return an ESEARCH response instead of the SEARCH response. This is
equivalent to "(ALL)".
Example: C: A282 SEARCH RETURN (MIN COUNT) FLAGGED
SINCE 1-Feb-1994 NOT FROM "Smith"
S: * ESEARCH (TAG "A282") MIN 2 COUNT 3
S: A282 OK SEARCH completed
Example: C: A283 SEARCH RETURN () FLAGGED
SINCE 1-Feb-1994 NOT FROM "Smith"
S: * ESEARCH (TAG "A283") ALL 2,10:11
S: A283 OK SEARCH completed
The following example demonstrates finding the first unseen message
as returned in the UNSEEN response code on a successful SELECT
command:
Melnikov & Cridland Standards Track [Page 3]
RFC 4731 IMAP4 Extension to SEARCH November 2006
Example: C: A284 SEARCH RETURN (MIN) UNSEEN
S: * ESEARCH (TAG "A284") MIN 4
S: A284 OK SEARCH completed
The following example demonstrates that if the ESEARCH UID indicator
is present, all data in the ESEARCH response is referring to UIDs;
for example, the MIN result specifier will be followed by a UID.
Example: C: A285 UID SEARCH RETURN (MIN MAX) 1:5000
S: * ESEARCH (TAG "A285") UID MIN 7 MAX 3800
S: A285 OK SEARCH completed
The following example demonstrates returning the number of deleted
messages:
Example: C: A286 SEARCH RETURN (COUNT) DELETED
S: * ESEARCH (TAG "A286") COUNT 15
S: A286 OK SEARCH completed
3.2. Interaction with CONDSTORE extension
When the server supports both the ESEARCH and the CONDSTORE
[CONDSTORE] extension, and the client requests one or more result
option described in section 3.1 together with the MODSEQ search
criterion in the same SEARCH/UID SEARCH command, then the server MUST
return the ESEARCH response containing the MODSEQ result option
(described in the following paragraph) instead of the extended SEARCH
response described in section 3.5 of [CONDSTORE].
If the SEARCH/UID SEARCH command contained a single MIN or MAX result
option, the MODSEQ result option contains the mod-sequence for the
found message. If the SEARCH/UID SEARCH command contained both MIN
and MAX result options and no ALL/COUNT option, the MODSEQ result
option contains the highest mod-sequence for the two returned
messages. Otherwise the MODSEQ result option contains the highest
mod-sequence for all messages being returned.
Example: The following example demonstrates how Example 15 from
[CONDSTORE] would look in the presence of one or more result option:
C: a1 SEARCH RETURN (MIN) MODSEQ "/flags/\\draft"
all 620162338
S: * ESEARCH (TAG "a1") MIN 2 MODSEQ 917162488
S: a1 OK Search complete
C: a2 SEARCH RETURN (MAX) MODSEQ "/flags/\\draft"
all 620162338
S: * ESEARCH (TAG "a2") MAX 23 MODSEQ 907162321
Melnikov & Cridland Standards Track [Page 4]
RFC 4731 IMAP4 Extension to SEARCH November 2006
S: a2 OK Search complete
C: a3 SEARCH RETURN (MIN MAX) MODSEQ "/flags/\\draft"
all 620162338
S: * ESEARCH (TAG "a3") MIN 2 MAX 23 MODSEQ 917162488
S: a3 OK Search complete
C: a4 SEARCH RETURN (MIN COUNT) MODSEQ "/flags/\\draft"
all 620162338
S: * ESEARCH (TAG "a4") MIN 2 COUNT 10 MODSEQ 917162500
S: a4 OK Search complete
4. Formal Syntax
The following syntax specification uses the Augmented Backus-Naur
Form (ABNF) notation as specified in [ABNF].
Non-terminals referenced but not defined below are as defined by
[IMAP4], [CONDSTORE], or [IMAPABNF].
Except as noted otherwise, all alphabetic characters are case-
insensitive. The use of upper or lowercase characters to define
token strings is for editorial clarity only. Implementations MUST
accept these strings in a case-insensitive fashion.
capability =/ "ESEARCH"
search-return-data = "MIN" SP nz-number /
"MAX" SP nz-number /
"ALL" SP sequence-set /
"COUNT" SP number
;; conforms to the generic
;; search-return-data syntax defined
;; in [IMAPABNF]
search-return-opt = "MIN" / "MAX" / "ALL" / "COUNT"
;; conforms to generic search-return-opt
;; syntax defined in [IMAPABNF]
When the CONDSTORE [CONDSTORE] IMAP extension is also supported,
the ABNF is updated as follows:
search-return-data =/ "MODSEQ" SP mod-sequence-value
;; mod-sequence-value is defined
;; in [CONDSTORE]
Melnikov & Cridland Standards Track [Page 5]
RFC 4731 IMAP4 Extension to SEARCH November 2006
5. Security Considerations
In the general case, the IMAP SEARCH/UID SEARCH commands can be CPU
and/or IO intensive, and are seen by some as a potential attack point
for denial of service attacks, so some sites/implementations even
disable them entirely. This is quite unfortunate, as SEARCH command
is one of the best examples demonstrating IMAP advantage over POP3.
The ALL and COUNT return options don't change how SEARCH is working
internally; they only change how information about found messages is
returned. MIN and MAX SEARCH result options described in this
document can lighten the load on IMAP servers that choose to optimize
SEARCHes containing only one or both of them.
It is believed that this extension doesn't raise any additional
security concerns not already discussed in [IMAP4].
6. IANA Considerations
IMAP4 capabilities are registered by publishing a standards track RFC
or an IESG-approved experimental RFC. The registry is currently
located at <http://www.iana.org/assignments/imap4-capabilities>.
This document defines the ESEARCH IMAP capability, which IANA added
to the registry.
7. Normative References
[KEYWORDS] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[IMAP4] Crispin, M., "INTERNET MESSAGE ACCESS PROTOCOL - VERSION
4rev1", RFC 3501, March 2003.
[ABNF] Crocker, D. (Ed.) and P. Overell , "Augmented BNF for
Syntax Specifications: ABNF", RFC 4234, October 2005.
[IMAPABNF] Melnikov, A. and C. Daboo, "Collected Extensions to IMAP4
ABNF", RFC 4466, April 2006..
[CONDSTORE] Melnikov, A. and S. Hole, "IMAP Extension for Conditional
STORE", RFC 4551, June 2006.
8. Acknowledgments
Thanks to Michael Wener, Arnt Gulbrandsen, Cyrus Daboo, Mark Crispin,
and Pete Maclean for comments and corrections.
Melnikov & Cridland Standards Track [Page 6]
RFC 4731 IMAP4 Extension to SEARCH November 2006
Authors' Addresses
Alexey Melnikov
Isode Limited
5 Castle Business Village
36 Station Road
Hampton, Middlesex, TW12 2BX
UK
EMail: Alexey.Melnikov@isode.com
Dave A. Cridland
Inventure Systems Limited
EMail: dave.cridland@inventuresystems.co.uk
URL: http://invsys.co.uk/dave/
Melnikov & Cridland Standards Track [Page 7]
RFC 4731 IMAP4 Extension to SEARCH November 2006
Full Copyright Statement
Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2006).
This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions
contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors
retain all their rights.
This document and the information contained herein are provided on an
"AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS
OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY, THE IETF TRUST,
AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES,
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT
THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE.
Intellectual Property
The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any
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pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in
this document or the extent to which any license under such rights
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on the procedures with respect to rights in RFC documents can be
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Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any
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The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any
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Acknowledgement
Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
Internet Society.
Melnikov & Cridland Standards Track [Page 8]